Difference between Normal English and GRE English

A NORMAL PERSON : People who live in glass houses should not throw stones.
GRE STUDENT : Individuals who make their abodes in vitreous edifices would be advised to refrain from catapulting perilous projectiles.



NORMAL PERSON : Twinkle, twinkle, little star
GRE STUDENT : Scintillate, scintillate, asteroid minim.


NORMAL PERSON : All that glitters is not gold.
GRE STUDENT : All articles that coruscate with resplendence are not truly auriferous.


NORMAL PERSON : Beggars are not choosers
GRE STUDENT : Sorting on the part of mendicants must be interdicted.



NORMAL PERSON : Dead men tell no tales
GRE STUDENT : Male cadavers are incapable of rendering any testimony.



NORMAL PERSON : Beginner's luck
GRE STUDENT : Neophyte's serendipity.



NORMAL PERSON : A rolling stone gathers no moss
GRE STUDENT : A revolving lithic conglomerate accumulates no congeries of small, green, biophytic plant.



NORMAL PERSON : Birds of a feather flock together
GRE STUDENT : Members of an avian species of identical plumage tend to congregate.



NORMAL PERSON : Beauty is only skin deep
GRE STUDENT : Pulchritude possesses solely cutaneous profundity.



NORMAL PERSON : Cleanliness is godliness
GRE STUDENT : Freedom from incrustations of grime is contiguous to rectitude.



NORMAL PERSON : There's no use crying over spill milk
GRE STUDENT : It is fruitless to become lachrymose of precipitately departed lactile fluid.


NORMAL PERSON : You can't try to teach an old dog new tricks
GRE STUDENT : It is fruitless to attempt to indoctrinate a superannuated canine with innovative maneuvers.


NORMAL PERSON : Look before you leap
GRE STUDENT : Surveillance should precede saltation.


NORMAL PERSON : He who laughs last, laughs best
GRE STUDENT : The person presenting the ultimate cachinnation possesses thereby the optimal cachinnation.


NORMAL PERSON : All work and no play makes Jack a dull boy.
GRE STUDENT : Exclusive dedication to necessitous chores without interludes of hedonistic diversion renders Jack a hebetudinous fellow.


NORMAL PERSON : Where there's smoke, there's fire!
GRE STUDENT : Where there are visible vapours having their provenance in ignited carbonaceous materials, there is conflagration.

Books for Chemical Engineering

Chemical Engineering is a very vast field of study. A lot choices of courses are available and with each course there are hundreds of book to choose from. Today we will talk about some books that can be consulted for basic understanding of chemical engineering - 

• Transport Phenomena by Bird, Stewart and Lightfoot - Good book for grasping fundamental knowledge of mass and momentum transfer. 
• Elements of Chemical Reaction Engineering by H. Scott Fogler - A very good book for CRE. You can also consult CRE by Levenspiel. 
• Unit Operations of Chemical Engineering by Mccabe, Smith and Harriot - Covers topic on unit operations. 
• Mass Transfer Operation by Robert Treybal - Although somewhat difficult to follow but has more than enough content about mass transfer operations. 
• Process Heat Transfer by D Q Kern - Covers elementary topics on heat transfer and heat exchangers. 
• Chemical Process Control by George Stephanopoulos - Good book written in lucid style and covers process dynamics and control. 

These are basic books and covers introductory material on chemical engineering. There are many other good books available. You should consult your professor for which book to follow. 

What is Chemical Engineering?

A chemical engineer is someone who knows enough physics/mechanics to confuse a chemist, enough chemistry to confuse a physicist/mechanical engineer and enough mathematics to confuse himself.

In Layman's term, Chemical Engineer is a guy that helps in production of things at a large level. He is one who studies processes, design a plant and equipment and also runs the plant.  

Suppose you have a secret Lemonade recipe which is admired by everyone. Now you want to commercialize it i.e. you want to sold it at a very large level. Now the process will involve many steps like taking juice out of lemons, mixing that juice with water, mixing sugar and your secret ingredient etc. You obviously has no idea how to do it? So a chemical or process engineer will come to your rescue. It will design a process  i.e. he/she will tell you that first crushing of Lemons will take place then juice will be mixed in a agitator tank etc. After that he/she will design equipment for this process. When plant is setup, he/she will also help to run it. 

Thus Chemical engineering is most exciting field to major in. It beautifully blends physics, chemistry and mathematics. A chemical engineer is somewhat between mechanical engineer and chemist having a sound knowledge of mathematics. 

Chemical engineers SCALE UP the chemical reactions performed in laboratory to produce the desired chemical on a industrial scale (in a economical way). Now to do this one has to have a understanding of - micro, meso and macro scale processes, which is taught during the course. 

Interestingly a lot of mathematics is involved, than one would normally think, while studying chemical engineering. People generally think that Chemical engineering involves a lot of chemistry but it is not so. Thermodynamics and Kinetics are covered extensively. Reaction engineering (which is covered kinetics) makes it different from other branches of engineering. 

Broadly Chemical Engineering can be classified into 2 groups - 

• Designing, manufacturing and operating plants and related machinery and processes - Chemical Process Engineers.  
• Development of new or adapted substances for products ranging from pharma industry to automobiles to cosmetic industry - Chemical Product Engineers. 

Chemical engineers basically study mass,heat and momentum balance. There are wide array of subjects which a chemical engineer studies during his undergrad. The wide spectrum of specialization makes this a very promising field in term of careers.  They usually specializes in one of the following subjects - 

• Process Modelling and Simulation
• Computer Aided Design
• Reaction Engineering
• Control and Optimization
• Safety and Hazard Analysis
• Computational Fluid dynamics, Rheology, Fluid Mechanics
• Separation Processes
• Thermodynamics
• Bioprocess and food engineering
• Pollution and control
• Nanotechnology
• Material Science
• Bio-engineering
• Transport Phenomena
• Catalysis 
• Energy Studies

Thus chemical engineer touch everyone's life right from start of the day till night. So if you want to make new products and help mankind chemical engineering is right for you. 

Scope of Chemical Engineering

In layman's term, A chemical engineer is a guy that helps in production of things on a large scale. He is one which studies a process, design plant and equipment and also runs the plant. As you see i have divided work into three broad categories and the job conditions are different for these. Lets tackle them one by one- 

• Research -  You will find many chemical engineers involve in research. These are the guys that study processes and try to find out the best way to produce a thing on large level, both safely and economically. They also try to improve existing processes.Some of the guys also work in hardcore science like ionic chemistry (battery etc.) , nanotechnology, biotechnology (yup chemical engineers have really very wide options when it comes to research.) If you have interest in computational science then you may do research in fluid dynamics etc.If you want to go in research field then you have to do MS/M.Tech and then PhD. It will take around 9-10 years after class 12. People usually prefer doing PhD abroad as research facilities are not good in India.   

     After your PhD either you can do research in a university or you can join R&D department of a company. If          you want to be a scientist i will suggest you to go to US as they have better working conditions and                    good pay scale.Working hours will be like an usual office hours. If you join an university you will have flexible        working hours and you can work as you like.                                                                                                      

• Designing - If you have interest in design you can opt for these type of jobs. These companies usually design a process and related equipment. They also design plants. Some of the companies include - Engineers India Limited (EIL), Flour, KBR, Shell etc. You can join these companies after your graduation. Its a normal office like work i.e. 9-5 job. EIL usually give 8.5 lakhs/annum to freshers. Other companies also give handsome salaries. Job conditions are good and if you like challenging stuff this is the best job for you. The companies in this field are usually MNC's so its highly probable that you will get exposure to various countries and industries.

                                                                                  

• Production- These companies are involved in production of materials on large scales. These includes fertilizers,petroleum, pharmaceuticals, etc. There are many companies in this field like ONGC,IOCL,BPCL,HPCL,GAIL,HUL,Proctor andGamble,Reliance,Cairn,Tata Chemicals,RCF,Asian Paints etc. You have various options to choose from. Petrochemical companies usually pay very handsomely. BPCL pays around 11.5 lakhs/annum in Mumbai to freshers, which is quit high for a government job. The engineers in this field are highest paid. If you plan to go to abroad you will even get higher pays and there are many companies out there like Schlumberger, BP, Chevron, Exxon Mobil etc. The work condition is little bit hard in this filed as you have to work in plant or rig etc. Usually these are located outside of city and sometimes even in mid of sea. You can join these companies after graduation. Working hours are not flexible and you have to be ready for overtime as emergencies may occur at any time.                                                                                                                                              
  

Although majority of people opt for job after graduation. It is recommended to go for MS as it increases your skills.